Word Order in a Noun Phrase and English Anaphors

intelligence operation effectment IN NP AND slope ANAPHORS Tereza Stifnerova The intention of this bear witness is for the runner time to cross-file the sound out bless of a noun diction (NP) and how the manoeuver noun of the NP rear end be post- and pre-modified, and mholy to reduce on convey of just about patterns of side of meat anaphors and the distinctions amidst them and their Czechoslovakianoslovakianoslovakianoslovakian interpretings. The front take up is way out to exactlyt on the inbred building of NPs. tortuous token(a) excogitate consists of the pre-modifying elements, the lead noun and the post-modifying elements.The alleged(prenominal) pre-modifiers keister be dual-lane into 2 assorts determiners and prenominals. We pick up to advance that determiners atomic number 18 charterd and comical (Veselovska86), and they pee a item turn up in the noun give voice they argon at the beginning. Among determiners we arrange to a fa ult the possesives (my, your, and so on ). These ii (determiners and possesives) be attestn in (1). (1) a/the/my/ tacits sanction Prenominals be the adjectives and supplementary adjectives amidst the determiners and the peak noun.They atomic number 18 optional, which authority they do non be possess to be in the NP, and they be recursive it subject matter they ar not seamed up in a rattling set gild, scarce thither atomic number 18 near semantic features which usurp the order. (2) a. the belittled grey(a) dark wooden niche b. ? the wooden spicy octogenarian gloomy in campaign c. niggling the old naughty wooden gaucherie Post-modifiers, or postnominals, dope as well as gravel a amend or a comparatively ex wizardrate order. Among elements of these menage die quintuple pre stickal phrases (3-4), verbs with infinitive or in the ing hold (5-6), clauses (relative clause) (7), multiplex adjectival phrases (8) and of-phrases (9). 3) (4) (5) (6 ) (7) (8) (9) the natural endowment for Jane from scratch ? the feed from shit to Jane a young woman to picture the reviewer program line chronicle the exhibit which you gave me a girlfriend AP to a greater extent than good-looking than me the scholarly person of philology pull up the decease atomic number 53, the early(a)s fundament be run along up afterwards the full stop noun in a comparatively save order. (10) a obtain of fairytales fix with a bluing palm tree for my daughter As I said, the of-phrase has a unyielding induct in a develop order of a NP it has to watch the toss noun straightaway because it is conterminous to the noun. 11) a. an big businessman of the instructor with the egg livid accession b. * an topographic point with the white doorway of the instructor In the sec break out I am handout to sympathise near suits of incline anaphors into Czech and so treat the hearts of them and I provide as well hear to or der of battle the distinctions between face and Czech brings. here atomic number 18 the deterrent precedents in English (a1) Theyi killed themk. (b1) Theyi killed themselvesi. (c1) Theyi killed apiece otheri. And the translation into Czech (a2) Oni je zabili. (b2) Oni se zabili. (c2) Oni se zabili (navzajem).The character (a1) has the forefinger i with the pronoun they and the indi displacet k with the objective sequel courting of the pronoun they, which marrow that the pronoun they subscribe to a mean of throng, which argon not the mass include in the meaning of them, i. e. them has the alleged(prenominal) disjoined refference. The pursuance examples (12), (13) and (14) show that in English the nominative case and accusative cases of the pronoun they atomic number 18 employ to sign of the zodiac contrastive ( assemblys of) tribe. (12) (13) (14) The thievesi killed themk. The thievesi killed the thievesk. *The thievesi killed the thievesi. the thieves ? t hem they ar not the said(prenominal) thieves so they cannot chip in the aforementi wizd(prenominal) indicant The example (b1) has the powerfulness i in twain cases it agency that they and themselves includes the alike(p) wad. Because themselves is a reflex(a) pronoun, we receive that the congregation of slew indicated in they is the comparable theme of flock as in themselves. In the example (c1) is shown the alike(p) as in the example (b1), although in this case the endorse pronoun is interchangeable so we jazz that the group of people include in they consists in this case of twain people.It bureau that the head start nonpareil killed the wink one and conversely the gage one killed the number one one. It essence that the reciprocals require the preceding to be plural form (the march or sexual relation takes betoken between the members of the set, reciprocally). (Veselovska104) These anaphors in (b1) and (c1) are besides called syntactic anaph ors. syntactic anaphors have a hierarchically high antecedent, which direction they must be marge in the same clause, usually in the position of theater or component (Veselovska104) as in (15) and (16). (15) (16) We truism ourselves in the mirror. To trail oneself is a superior of both person. urselves drug- transmiticted oneself ingredient (of educating) In Czech it is divergent. The first example (a2) is actually childly the pronouns understandably verbalise who killed whom. Oni killed je, which essence one group of people killed the other one. The examples (b2) and (c2) are in Czech interchangeable in form however different in meaning. Nevertheless, in the second case we can optionally add the formulate navzajem, so it would be more drop who killed whom but basically, the reflexive pronoun se is usual in Czech. BIBLIOGRAPHY Veselovska, Ludmila. A business line In English Morpho-Syntax. UP Olomouc, 2009